The UK Skilled Worker visa is an official immigration route that allows non-UK citizens to live and work in the United Kingdom if they have a confirmed job offer from a UK-based employer that holds a valid sponsorship licence issued by the UK Home Office. This visa category targets individuals employed in specific skilled occupations across sectors such as healthcare, engineering, IT, education, and construction, among others. Many of these roles fall under the Shortage Occupation List or offer competitive salaries, including positions with annual pay of £100,000 or more.
To qualify, applicants must meet several core criteria:
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Job Offer: Must have a genuine offer of employment in an eligible occupation from a licensed sponsor.
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Salary Threshold: Generally, the salary must meet or exceed the minimum salary threshold—typically £26,200 per year or £10.75 per hour, though some roles and applicants (such as new entrants or those in shortage occupations) may qualify at lower thresholds. For high-paying roles, such as certain IT, finance, and engineering jobs, salaries often exceed £100,000.
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Skill Level: The job must be at RQF Level 3 or above (roughly equivalent to A-level qualifications in the UK).
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English Language Proficiency: Must demonstrate the ability to speak, read, write, and understand English to a required standard.
This visa is typically granted for a period of up to five years and is renewable. After completing five continuous years under the Skilled Worker route (or eligible combinations with other qualifying routes), the visa holder can apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)—permanent resident status that allows them to live and work in the UK without immigration restrictions. ILR is a critical milestone toward full integration and, eventually, eligibility for British citizenship.
Spouse Work Rights
Spouses or unmarried partners of Skilled Worker visa holders in the UK are eligible to apply as dependants. Once their dependant visa is approved, they are granted full and unrestricted rights to work in the United Kingdom. These rights are broad and offer considerable flexibility, making the UK one of the more favourable destinations for skilled migrants with families.
Key Work Entitlements for Dependants:
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Unrestricted Employment Access
Spouses or partners can take up employment in any sector or occupation. This includes high-skilled professions, entry-level positions, and everything in between—there is no requirement for their job to be related to the primary visa holder’s role. -
No Sponsor Requirement
Unlike the main visa applicant, dependants do not need to be sponsored by an employer or be on the Shortage Occupation List. They are free to seek employment without needing a certificate of sponsorship (CoS). -
Ability to Change Employers Freely
Dependants may change jobs at any time without needing to inform the Home Office or update their visa, provided their own visa remains valid and they continue to meet residency conditions. -
Eligibility for Self-Employment
They can:-
Work as freelancers or contractors
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Set up a limited company
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Run a sole proprietorship
This makes the visa particularly attractive for individuals in fields like IT, consulting, creative industries, and other freelance professions.
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Multiple Employment
Dependants can legally work for more than one employer or hold part-time jobs alongside full-time roles, with no hourly cap.
Additional Considerations:
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Application as a Dependant
The spouse must either be included in the initial Skilled Worker visa application or apply separately as a dependant. They will need to provide evidence of the relationship, such as a marriage certificate or proof of cohabitation for unmarried partners (typically 2 years of shared financial documents or joint tenancy agreements). -
Validity of Work Rights
The dependant’s visa is tied to the main applicant’s visa status. If the primary visa holder loses their status or leaves the UK permanently, the dependant’s visa (and their work rights) may also be affected. -
Pathway to Settlement
Dependants on this visa route are eligible to apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) after five years of continuous residence, assuming all other conditions are met (e.g., absence limits, knowledge of life in the UK).
The UK Skilled Worker dependant visa provides comprehensive employment flexibility for spouses or partners. There are no job type, salary, or employer restrictions, and dependants are free to work full-time, part-time, or in self-employed roles across all sectors. This policy supports dual-income households and makes the UK an attractive destination for skilled families.
Job Market Opportunities
The UK job market offers numerous high-paying opportunities across various sectors:
Construction Managers:
- Average Salary: £60,000 – £100,000+ annually
- Key Duties: Overseeing building projects, managing contractors and timelines, ensuring compliance with safety and legal standards.
Civil Engineers:
- Average Salary: £50,000 – £90,000 per year
- Key Duties: Planning, designing, and supervising large construction and infrastructure projects.
IT Professionals (e.g., Software Developers, Network Engineers):
- Average Salary: £40,000 – £100,000+ annually
- Key Duties: Designing software solutions, maintaining IT networks, ensuring cybersecurity, and supporting digital infrastructure.
These roles are in high demand and often listed on the Shortage Occupation List, facilitating visa sponsorship.
Health Insurance Obligations
All UK Skilled Worker visa applicants, including their dependants, are required to pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) as part of the visa application process. The IHS is a mandatory fee that provides access to the National Health Service (NHS), the UK’s publicly funded healthcare system.
Key Details:
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IHS Fees
The IHS is charged annually for each year of the visa’s validity and is paid upfront when submitting the visa application:-
Adults (18 and over): £1,035 per year
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Children (under 18): £776 per year
Example:
For a 3-year visa, an adult applicant will pay £3,105 (3 × £1,035) at the time of application. -
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What the IHS Covers
Once paid, visa holders are entitled to:-
Register with a General Practitioner (GP)
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Receive free hospital care (including emergency services)
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Access maternity services, mental health support, and vaccinations
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Obtain prescription medications (with a standard prescription fee per item)
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What the IHS Does Not Cover
While most NHS services are free at the point of use, the IHS does not include:-
Prescription fees in England (approx. £9.90 per item)
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Dental treatment
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Eye care services (e.g., glasses, contact lenses)
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Private healthcare (if preferred over NHS)
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Dependants’ Coverage
All dependants (spouse, children) must also pay the IHS as part of their visa application. Each dependant is covered individually under the NHS once the surcharge is paid. -
IHS Refunds
In limited cases, applicants may be eligible for a partial or full refund of the IHS, such as:-
Visa refusal
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Overpayment due to incorrect visa duration
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Leaving the UK before the visa end date (with specific conditions)
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Additional Private Insurance (Optional)
Although not required, some visa holders choose to purchase private health insurance for:-
Faster access to elective procedures or specialist consultations
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Coverage of services not fully covered by the NHS (e.g., dental, vision)
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Travel insurance benefits outside the UK
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Paying the IHS is a mandatory and upfront requirement for all UK visa applicants. It ensures access to most NHS services throughout the visa holder’s stay in the UK. While the system offers comprehensive coverage, applicants should be aware of additional out-of-pocket costs and may opt for private health insurance depending on personal healthcare preferences.
Visa Processing Timeframes
Processing times for the Skilled Worker visa can vary:
- Standard Service: Up to 8 weeks if applying from within the UK.
- Priority Service: 5 working days for an additional fee.
- Super-Priority Service: Next working day for a higher fee.
Delays can occur due to various factors, including high application volumes and additional document verification requirements.
Detailed Cost Breakdown
Visa Application Fees:
- Up to 3 years: £719 (outside UK), £827 (inside UK)
- More than 3 years: £1,420 (outside UK), £1,636 (inside UK)
Immigration Health Surcharge:
- Adults: £1,035 per year
- Children: £776 per year
Additional Costs:
- Document Translation: £50 – £150 per document
- English Language Test: £150 – £200
- Tuberculosis Test (if applicable): £65 – £110
- Criminal Record Certificate (if applicable): Varies by country
These costs can add up, so it’s essential to budget accordingly.
Step-by-Step Actions After Arrival in the UK
After arriving in the UK on a Skilled Worker visa, several administrative and legal steps must be completed to ensure lawful residence, access to public services, and smooth integration into British society. Below is a no-fluff, structured list of essential actions:
1. Collect Your Biometric Residence Permit (BRP)
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Deadline: Within 10 days of arrival or before the expiry date on the entry vignette (whichever is earlier).
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Where: Designated Post Office or location specified in your visa decision letter.
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Why: The BRP serves as your official immigration document in the UK. It confirms your right to work, access public services, and re-enter the country.
2. Register with a General Practitioner (GP)
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Purpose: To access healthcare services under the National Health Service (NHS).
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How: Locate a local GP practice and complete a registration form (GMS1). Proof of address is usually required.
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Note: Registering early ensures faster access to medical care and services like vaccinations or referrals.
3. Open a UK Bank Account
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Why: Required for salary payments, rent payments, utilities, and everyday transactions.
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Documents Required:
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Passport or BRP
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Proof of UK address (e.g., tenancy agreement, utility bill)
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Letter from employer (optional but helpful)
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Options: Major banks include Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds, and online-only banks like Monzo and Starling.
4. Apply for a National Insurance (NI) Number
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Why: A National Insurance Number is essential for working in the UK and for tax contributions.
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How: Apply online through the UK Government portal. You may be asked to attend a short identity verification appointment.
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Note: You can start working without an NI number, but must apply for it promptly after arrival.
5. Secure Long-Term Accommodation
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If not already arranged: Begin searching for private rental housing or long-term accommodation.
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Documents typically needed:
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Proof of income or employment
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Identification (passport or BRP)
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Previous landlord references (if applicable)
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Initial Stay: Some new arrivals use temporary housing (e.g., Airbnb, hotel) while searching for a rental.
6. Enroll Children in School (If Applicable)
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Mandatory for children aged 5–16.
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How: Apply through the local council. You may need to provide:
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Child’s passport and BRP
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Proof of address
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Immunization records
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State schools are free. Independent (private) schools require tuition.
7. Attend Integration or Orientation Courses (Optional but Recommended)
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Offered by: Local councils, NGOs, or community groups.
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Topics Covered:
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British values and customs
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Language support (ESOL classes)
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Employment and legal rights
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Benefit: Eases cultural transition, helps with networking, and improves employment readiness.
Summary Checklist:
| Action | Deadline / Priority | Required For |
|---|---|---|
| BRP Collection | Within 10 days | Immigration compliance |
| GP Registration | As early as possible | Healthcare access |
| Bank Account | Within first 2 weeks | Salary & daily life |
| NI Number | ASAP after arrival | Employment & tax |
| Accommodation | Immediate (if temporary) | Stability |
| School Enrollment | Immediately (if kids) | Legal obligation |
| Integration Courses | Optional | Cultural adaptation |
Rights and Obligations of the Residence Permit Holder
Rights:
- Work in the UK for the sponsoring employer.
- Access NHS services.
- Enroll children in public schools.
- Apply for ILR after five years, subject to eligibility.
Obligations:
- Maintain employment with the sponsoring employer.
- Abide by UK laws and immigration rules.
- Notify the Home Office of any changes in circumstances.
Family Reunification: UK vs. Canada vs. US
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Factor |
UK |
Canada |
US |
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Financial Requirements |
£285 for spouse, £315 for first child |
Proof of funds varies by province |
Affidavit of Support (Form I-864) |
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Language Requirements |
English proficiency for ILR |
Varies; some programs require language |
None for spouse visa |
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Work Rights for Spouse |
Unrestricted (except sports) |
Open work permit often available |
Work permit required (Form I-765) |
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Processing Time |
3–8 weeks |
12–24 months |
12–18 months |
Challenges and Real-World Tips
- Housing Difficulty: High demand in major cities can make finding accommodation challenging.
- Document Translation: Ensure all documents are translated into English by certified translators.
- Language Barrier: Non-native English speakers may face challenges; consider language courses.
- Bureaucracy Delays: Be prepared for potential delays in processing and keep copies of all correspondence.
Special Cases
- EU/EEA Citizens: Post-Brexit, EU/EEA citizens are subject to the same immigration rules as non-EU citizens.
- Same-Sex Spouses: Recognized and treated equally under UK immigration law.
- Spouses of Refugees: Eligible to apply for family reunification under specific criteria.
- Children Reunification Rules: Children under 18 can apply as dependents; those over 18 must meet additional criteria.